“We have considered arming Amur-1650 with vertical launchers, and have made significant progress in designing these launchers for our Club-S missile systems,” said Igor Molchanov, chief designer at St. Petersburg-based Rubin.

Molchanov also said it would be possible to place Brahmos missiles – developed jointly by India and Russia – on Amur subs if requested, and that doing so would not affect the overall performance of the submarine.

Molchanov said Russian designers will also be able to incorporate the Indian-made air-independent propulsion system into the Amur design.

He said, however, that the Russian system was more efficient and safe compared to the Indian model as it does not require supplies of hydrogen to be carried on board the submarine.

“We get hydrogen from regular diesel fuel, which is cheap. They use more expensive technologies,” Molchanov said.

The Amur-1650 has an armament of multirole torpedoes and anti-ship missiles, and can also effectively engage land targets with advanced cruise missiles.

India is currently building six Scorpene submarines at the Mazgaon Dockyards Limited under a deal with France’s DCNS. However, the Indian side says it needs submarines “with better stealth capability, improved detection range and [improved] combat management system.”